In the stone grinding wheel how to use

Grinding wheel grinding machine as a cutting tool with the workpiece cutting method. The method features:

(1) The abrasive grinding wheel itself has a very high heat resistance, hardness, so grinding very hard materials can be processed, such as hardened steel, carbide and so on.

(2) the grinding wheel grinding characteristics of the decision process for the uniform system to trace cutting, the general ap = 0.001 ~ 0.005mm; grinding speed is high, generally up to v = 30 ~ 50m / s; grinding stiffness; with hydraulic drive Therefore, grinding energy and affordable access to high precision (IT6 ~ IT5) small surface roughness (Ra = 0.8 ~ 0.2μm). One of the main parts finishing grinding.

(3) The violent clashes, leaving the grinding marble temperature is very high. This will cause stress and deformation of workpiece, and even cause surface burns. So a lot of grinding coolant must be injected to reduce the grinding temperature. Chip cooling fluid lubrication can also be played.

(4) grinding a large radial force. This will result in machine tools - grinding wheel - workpiece system flexibility concessions, the actual depth of cut less than the nominal depth of cut. Therefore, the grinding will be complete, should not feed the light grinding to remove the error.

(5) after blunt abrasive grinding, grinding force also increased, resulting in grain breakage or loss, re-exposing a sharp edge, this feature is called "self-sharpening." Self-sharpening the grinding of a certain period of time to be normal, but after more than a certain work should be carried out manually trimmed so as not to cause the grinding force increases vibration, noise and damage the workpiece surface quality.

Grinding wheel

Cutting tool grinding wheel, which consists of many small, hard grains bonded porous objects stick together. Abrasive cutting directly responsible for the work, must be sharp and have high hardness, heat resistance, a certain toughness. Commonly used abrasives are aluminum oxide (also known as corundum) silicon carbide two. Class alumina abrasive, high hardness, good toughness, suitable for grinding steel material. Silicon carbide type abrasive hardness higher and more sharp, thermal conductivity, but more brittle for grinding cast iron carbide.

The same grinding wheel, due to their different size, the surface roughness of workpiece processing efficiency is not the same as for the coarse grain coarse, fine abrasive for grinding, abrasive thicker, the smaller the size number.

Bond from the bonding abrasive effect. Common bond, followed by resin bond. Bond different materials, the impact of wheel corrosion resistance, strength, heat resistance, toughness. Electrode wear

The more firmly bonded abrasive, the more difficult to fall off from the grinding wheel to wheel hardness, said that the abrasive surface of grinding wheel hardness refers to the degree of difficulty falling under external force. Easy to fall off as soft, otherwise known as hard. Hardness, hardness and abrasive wheel of two different concepts. Grinding surface is relatively soft, abrasive edge (edges) is not easy to wear, so that time can be longer abrasive used, the optional bonding firm also said that some wheel (hardness grinding wheel). Conversely, low hardness grinding wheel for grinding the workpiece hardness.

Work under conditions of grinding wheel speed, in order to ensure safety, should be checked before installation, should not have cracks and other defects; wheel work to make a smooth, dynamic balance test should be carried out before use.

Wheel of work after a certain time, the surface is countertop plugging the gap, abrasive acute angle will be blunt, the original geometric shape distortion. Must therefore be trimmed in order to restore the correct geometry of the cutting ability. Required grinding wheel dressing diamond pen.

Stone cited confusion in the market price staining fiction

"Spain is a natural beige marble pavement in the living room and check in less than six months to fade white into a large painted face serious." Recently, the East Lake Li Geng residential property owners to the Island Express "Home," the editorial department, brought a small piece of marble, so I invited experts to identify it and see is not artificially dyed. I interviewed the professionals, that is natural marble coloring industry "conventional action." In order to sell a good friend or making high profits, some stone work dyeing business has "reached a pinnacle," and formed the industrial chain, they had to leave behind the health of consumers.

Stone staining widespread market

I recently visited the store in the east part of the building and found, marble stone price from 92 yuan per square meter to the two or three thousand dollars, the name is varied, what Shaan Na beige, beige, Spain, India Red, Norway, red, white jazz tree hanging Ice, sky Venus, so that consumers confused outsiders, but in the sale of nearly Qicheng stores have declared a natural stone marble. Beige marble in a sale of the stores in Spain, I consult Purchasing Guide is the product of natural marble. "100% natural marble and, if leave to buy a penalty ten." Purchasing Guide to answer very sure. I asked, I heard that natural marble will stain, how is this going? Purchasing Guide that name recognition, do not rule out the others false, but the nature or natural marble stone. One consumer told the author, how would there be so many stone colors, a look is to do color. And the price of a mess, the same texture and different colors on the stone became imported stone, and the price difference of seven or eight times. Wanted to shop at home, dining room, marble, because the color is too fake to plan a wood floor.

Stone has formed the industrial chain staining

How natural marble dyed it? By a person familiar with the Limestone, the author of a chemical company with Shijiazhuang to get in touch and said that he is doing the marble business, suffer from a single color, the business is not ideal, interested in cooperation in matters of stone coloring. The other person in charge of the beam of a last name, said without reservation, they generally were stained according to the following process, the first stone to be dyed for the first time placed in the oven baking, removed after 48 hours cooling at room temperature ; will be cooled by the drying and staining the stone put in the pool, the pool of dye into the dye, for the first time that crude dye staining; then dyed and the crude stone Liangshai then add a second drying furnace second baking; then cooled stone re-entry pool for the second dye staining dye that is fine; the fine stone dyed and re-entry through the cooling pools for the third fine dye staining; the dye and by sun drying of fine stone surface paraffin treatment, and polished and cut into finished products. Dye materials include p-phenylenediamine, aniline, sodium chloride, nitrate and manganese. The dye is harmful to humans, Liang said, but not eat your body, installed a long time on nothing. It is understood, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places there are many such professional "dye."

Marble Institute of screening dyed color

So, natural marble dye on the human body What is the harm? Quality supervision department of Jiangsu Province, relevant technical staff told the author that some consumers have recently received a submission that they suspected dyeing natural marble, test results showed that the dyed-colored stone in formaldehyde, mercury and lead content in general will be seriously overweight. If installed indoors, prolonged exposure to the human body have a certain health hazards. So how do you identify the natural marble stain? The technical staff said that more vibrant colors dyed stone, but not natural; paper rub hard surface, such as fall color is dyed stone; fracture in the stone can be seen at the dye penetrant level; staining stone commonly used stone well, a large porosity, high water absorption of the stone, Sandstone to the sound with the percussion method can identify the false coloring of the stone than it sounds boring; often coated with wax stain the stone to increase the gloss, the back of a greasy feel, such as baking with Wei Huo, the wax surface that is lost to reveal true colors; coating of stone, although the high gloss, but the film's strength is not enough, easy to wear, light to see a plan marks and so on.

Stone rust prevention and treatment of the

First, the formation of rust. Rust mainly by the iron stone formed by the oxidation reaction. Iron, water, oxygen is formed by three elements contributed to rust. Usually, we respond by pitting the different levels will be divided into two categories:

(A) deep rust. Many varieties of stone, especially granite contains a certain percentage of iron content, when the iron content of water and oxygen full contact, can cause oxidation and rust formation. Particularly prone to this rust stone, such as: the United States of white linen, Sandstone White (flower), rust stone (slate) and so on. In addition, the alkali in cement under the action of water and stone in the reaction of the iron will rust to form.

(B) of the surface rust. Stone in the mining, processing, transportation, installation process, the surface of iron objects in contact with a small amount of iron left by the remnants of the iron residues with moisture in the air, produce oxygen, oxidation and rust formation.

Second, the rust treatment. Rust treatment methods is the use of herbicides to be processed. Rust during processing, should note the following:

(A) try to avoid direct use of oxalic acid cleaning stone rust spots, simply because of the oxalic acid rust (Fe2 +) oxidation and reduction, oxidation reduction of iron ions remain unstable, it is easy with water and oxygen in the air re-oxidation reaction Rebuild rust, as the oxalic acid solution and will further expand the flow of rust in the area. This is why when using oxalic acid rust rust will be more than the more reason than the greater.

(B) The selection of herbicides, be sure to use good quality products. Because a good rust remover in addition to other components of acid, in addition to adding the right amount of additives to maintain the redox stability of iron ions. With this rust remover rust treated protective treatment even if the do, it can keep for a long time will not relapse. On the contrary, some herbicides are only a simple mixture of acid, redox reactions can not keep the stability of iron, recurrent high.

(C) The composition of the different components of marble and granite, nature is not the same. Main components of marble calcium carbonate, alkaline; main components of granite silica, acidic. So the use of herbicides, be sure to distinguish between the marble and granite herbicides herbicides. Granite rust remover rust must not be used for marble processing.

(D) treatment of surface rust, just brushing the surface with a rust remover can be. Sometimes, the surface grinding and polishing methods can be used for processing; deep rust treatment is relatively complex, the need to maintain a certain dose and reaction time. Sometimes need to re-use to achieve the desired effect.

(E) stone construction in the use of herbicides, the proposed re-use water to wash again, dry stone curing agent must use good quality protective treatment. Aimed at the elimination of residues after oxidation and prevent the recurrence of oxidation.

Travertine, the rust prevention. Rust prevention to its formation based primarily on three elements: water, oxygen and iron to carry out effective control of the. Combined with years of management experience, we will be the main effective method of preventing rust summarized as follows:

1. Stone in the construction before, be sure to use high-quality stone maintenance agent for six of the stone surface protective treatment, the iron block of stone and water contact.

2. Try to avoid using high alkaline cement for bonding stone construction, reducing alkali cement stone in the iron reacts with the opportunity.

Stone floor cleaning standards and the implementation of specific programs of stone conservation

A), stone floor cleaning standards

Stone ground clean and bright, cloth wax evenly, no stains.

(B), stone floor cleaning, waxing, polishing and maintenance procedures

1, from the wax:

Tools and materials: brush machine with water tanks, washing scouring needle seat with a black brush (brown, red, scouring brush), suction machine, suction skin scraping wax from the water.

(1) to open the machine to the work site, set a good washing needle seat, and even scouring brush;

(2) Install a water tank with good water from the wax;

(3) pressing the power switch on the fuselage, so the chassis driven scouring brush needle seat rotation.

Note: When the handle up, the body moves to the right; the handle down, body to the left;

(4) pressing the lever will play a tank of water evenly rub the wax on the ground;

(5) control of the machine direction, from left to right, back and forth 2 or 3 times;

(6) of the alternating up and down about 10 cm;

(7) has been completed, with a suction machine to suck water from the wax;

(8) corner position with long-handled brush drag wiping hands twice;

(9) twice with water;

(10) to be carried out after the ground dried wax.

Tell you get natural stone surface coup wax scale

I. What are the classification of wax?

Wax on the market there are many different water-based wax, stearic acid wax, wax, oil, acrylic wax and so on. These basically contain acid-base wax material, long-term use, not only will plug the pores of stone permeability, but also easy to make the formation of stone stained with dust, dirt and wax scale, resulting in the phenomenon of yellow stone surface.

La classification are the following:

(1) oily wax: synthesis of wax containing solvents. Are two kinds of solid and liquid.

(2) emulsifying wax: wax containing solvents are emulsified in water.

(3) resin wax: the metal propylene, polyethylene resin, emulsifier-based agent.

(4) natural wax: A natural rubber-based agent who.

Second, COATING wax on the floor of the resin film is how it?

COATING on the floor of the resin film process:

(1) on the wax.

(2) water evaporation, emulsion particles were filled state.

(3) fusion of milk particles, attached. 0.1u (1/10.000mm)

(4) the film.

Third, the shortcomings of the use of resin, wax?

(1) poor contact with the floor coating film. For example: the floor wet, molecular weight is too large, low plasticity, stone pores too small, too smooth will cause loss, powder.

(2) Prince of the gloss is not enough, only the bright side there is no mirror effect.

(3) No film is too thick natural stone texture.

(4) contains both wax resin agent, easy to turn yellow.

(5) In addition to regularly wax resin, wax, but will damage the stone surface.

(6) In addition to wax agent has a crystalline inorganic base salts, long-term residual crystals in the pores will expand, resulting in broken stone.

Fourth, how to remove old wax scale?

Removal of the old wax scale method:

(1) In addition to water-based wax agent with abrasive scouring pads.

(2) agent with spray wax scraper used in addition.

(3) to direct ground water mill film.

If the flow of pedestrians and goods, a high frequency of stone ground, you need regular waxing, but waxing should be invited to professional maintenance company to maintain "smooth breathing." In order to maintain the stone "breathe" and should avoid carpet in the stone surface coverage, and other debris, or moisture can not evaporate water content increased due to stone stone disease and other issues arising.

Teach you how to avoid being scratched granite

Knowledge in the stone, some customers think that Stone is not afraid of sharp objects that draw the. But in fact composed of granite countertops is granite, granite is a porous rock, the main component of quartz and feldspar. As granite has a diamond-like hard surface, therefore, scratch-resistant granite has a strong performance. However, prolonged use of granite countertops makes it is easy to be scratched and scratched.

How do we avoid the granite be scratched and scratched it?

There are three points:

The first sealing granite countertops

Granite countertops are porous materials, improper care, they are easily scratched and scratched. Curing agent to form a protective layer on the table protecting granite countertops. This layer of protective coating also makes the surface very smooth and shiny granite. Granite countertop units sold before the manufacturer will re-seal the surface. But as time goes by, this layer will gradually wear protective layer, therefore, to periodically re-sealing surface. You can also buy from the manufacturer in order to conserve some of curing agent product granite countertops. Sell ​​granite countertops must consult the manufacturer because the manufacturer is different from curing agent product may be different.

Avoid the use of the second sharp in the granite countertop granite countertop items commonly used in food preparation. Directly on the table for cutting things will damage the table, even leaving unsightly scratches.

Chopping board cutting mat in the food and other help to protect the granite countertops. You can also install a granite countertop wooden cutting board. If this method does not work, then you can cut something non-granite countertop. If you can not avoid things in the granite countertop cutting, then cutting the time gently.

To avoid dragging the third kitchen equipment from the granite countertop blender, food processing machines, stoves, blenders and other kitchen equipment and heavy equipment. They may have sharp edges inside, these sharp edges can scratch or scratch granite countertops. To avoid this situation, do not drag heavy objects in the granite countertop. If too much kitchen equipment, asked people to help lift or foam pad in the bottom of the mat. Foam pad is very helpful moving objects, but also to avoid leaving scratches on the table. After each use to clean granite countertops. Something left over food preparation can scratch granite countertops. Clean with a mild soap solution table, make sure the counter is not harmful particles. In addition, products with a sponge cleaning up the table instead of grinding to reduce the scratches.

How to properly maintain the daily stone?

Overview
The total grinding stone hardening and recrystallization, the stone will be officially opened, then the stone will go into the daily care and maintenance period. More than the previous stone care and maintenance to cleaning, push the dust, wax, etc. mainly, with the advancement of technology, the advent of new materials, stone and then gradually replace crystal hardening stone care and maintenance with the original way, has become a new stone care and maintenance mode is accepted by our customers.

However, the daily care and maintenance of stone lack of uniform standards, the lack of a unified model, plus a variety of user requirements vary, so the stone has been the daily care and maintenance of both parties proposed standard is based, not a directional, qualitative, quantitative standards.

The daily maintenance of stone

Stone's routine maintenance to be solved is the problem?

We believe that the daily maintenance management and maintenance of stone to be addressed is: To maintain the original quality of the stone, original, let the whole in the stone after stone grinding and hardening after recrystallization feel the greatest degree of decorative beauty of stone. This is what we speak, a construction maintenance by chapter, to enjoy life. To do this demands that we place for the stone to the maintenance situation, passenger flow, the surrounding environment, and guests grades, habits, preferences make routine maintenance program. To do our daily cleaning of strict rules. If the correct system with ground contamination, the correct way to push dust and cleaning the floor properly. Let's analyze these items under:

Ground contamination control system

First, what is the ground contamination

When a site has the source of contamination; or when the flow in different regions, along with the spread of contamination in different places; the dirt to dust, sand, chemicals, snow, oil and so on. Glued to the soles of these filthy, like sandpaper rubbing the ground, would be stone, flooring, carpets, etc., causing severe damage.

Second, what losses the ground pollution

1, the safety and health

Guests or staff in buildings in a contaminated public areas, some dust and bacteria have caused the body against chronic and not clean the ground will continue to produce secondary pollution, become another source of filth, the dirt with the dust and into the circulation in the room, harm to human health and safety.

2, premature replacement of floor material

Public areas of granite, marble, ceramic tile, terrazzo flooring, etc., the use of more than 5 years to 15 years, if not better protection system ground to resist wear and tear, so they gravel and dirt will cause serious damage bound to early replacement tile, stone, terrazzo, etc., invisible in the increased cost.

3 and increase in material and maintenance, resulting in a large number of sources of pollution, affecting the environment, increase open elimination.

4, the customer is not satisfied that lower income, less business.

5, the impact of corporate image.

Third, protection and control

1, to reduce damage and protect the stone is the key to reducing costs.

A daily passenger flow reached more than a thousand buildings flow per foot of the date of its dust into the 7 Shamir, stepped in front of large groups of people will focus on the decorative stone, it would be quickly destroyed the stone. Then the best way is to put a piece of a "scraping the sand dust" effect of the concentration of mats laid on the stampede area to protect the stone or carpet.

2, control

Effective control of the final settlement of ground pollution and destruction of the best measures. Pollution control of a building requires a comprehensive set of ground control tool, that is, efficacy and availability of protective type mats.

Good protection and control is the solution to pollution and destruction of material is the best way, but the key is to choose what kind of protective mats and what kind of professional to design a ground-pollution control system.

These have been resolved in foreign countries.

Fourth, ground pollution control system

1, ground pollution control system can refer to the experience of Western countries, the flow of thousands of people to do at least three levels of prevention and control system on the ground:

(1) The front of the passenger flow concentration;

(2) lobby, front passenger flow concentration;

(3) Interior: bathroom, kitchen dishes out mouth, elevator, car park openings, employee access, fire access, operating rooms and so on.

The detailed introduced stone carving machine USES

Stone carving industry in China is a traditional industries, and ongoing technological revolution, the retired old sites for the younger generation of high efficiency, mechanization, automation, making the stone carving required mechanical equipment market to accelerate development. Stone carving machine is a can in stone carving on the high-tech automatic carving calligraphy and equipment.

Stone carving machine can meet the personalized home outfit, tooling art design requirement, can be used as decoration company, stone industry, carved stone industry advanced processing equipment.

Stone carving machine types

Stone carving machine can be divided into CNC engraving machine, laser engraving machine, computer engraving machine, etc.

The main functions of the stone carving machine

Stone carving machine can be used in 3d anaglyph, pointed bottom sculpture, pan sculpture, the line carve, fall edge, drilling, etc.

Stone carving machine application fields

Stone carving machine suitable for stone, steles processing, art anaglyph, decoration ZhuangHuangYe etc.

Stone carving machine applicable materials

Stone carving machine suitable for marble, granite, jade, bluestone, blackstone, etc. Various kinds of stone.

Semi-precious stones decoration get citizen favor but expensive

Adornment celebrities club, luxurious bedroom, semi-precious stones are becoming an optional development enterprises. Drawn from the 2 billion years ago allegedly the ancient fossil, semi-precious stones, crystal stone, agate, jadeite, etc, with the high transmittance inside adornment, can make the present expensive gas, costly effect.

A sucks the tongue is, semi-precious stones offer about general decorative stone 200 ~ 300 times, reason is: mineral resources is extremely rare. It is reported, more than the current semi-precious stones in India this exported to Europe, the gap between rich and poor enormous countries, many rich USES it in bedroom adornment.

This product is the owner of the stone with "fujian business secrets" for, refused to disclose the semi-precious stones related. The chairman, said LiuLiang more yourself stone business has ten years, ran mines in many countries around the world, on the management of product, gradually popular collected all the unique germination and rare and precious stone varieties of thought, since last year, creating the "v storehouse" until now rudiment. "I hope will 'fifth warehouse' playing caused the company to a child brand, covering company in unique, rare, precious product concepts, including some very special semi-precious stones products." He said.

Ten years ago, the fine stone just a small company engaged in stone import and export, through the acquisition, investment and construction and gradually expand rise. At home and abroad LiuLiang thinks, the stone project is the biggest difficulties buyers meet, the lack of professional overall demand to satisfy orders hongkong.our. Factory numerous, but some just doing a single or a two varieties, cannot satisfy the many varieties requirements; project Some factories YuDaBan only limits of production and wholesale, even processing specification board, also just simple specifications rather than factories need complex specifications.

"Therefore," the whole stone project involves hongkong.our ', must import, of various types of the marble and granite, covers all needed to stone project of the species and products." He said.

Stone spelling a flower makings common sense

Material: in principle stone spelling a flower material in order according to customer to put forward when the materials salesman request. In customer didn't provide any material requirements of the situation, issued by the state according to state inspection standard chooses the stone industry.

Color: the whole spelling a flower same material must agree, but for color some materials (Spain cream-colored, old cream-colored, sandy lake red, such as marble) with a board itself as there are chromatism, are taking the principle of gradual transition color material, with affecting spelling a flower aesthetic adornment effect for the principle. When really cannot achieve good decoration effect and meet customer's requirement, the consent of processing in the consent of the customer chooses the rear to processing.

Grain: spelling a flower in the direction of the grain processing of all depends on the specific circumstances, there is no absolute standard set can be reference. Just round spelling a flower is concerned, grain around the circumference direction can be, also can be the direction along the radius. Whether the radius around the circumference direction or direction, are intended to ensure that the consistency of the grain. Just square spelling a flower is concerned, grain, along the length direction radiation can also can be the direction along the width along the long spiker radiation or simultaneously to tote radiation width. As for how to do, to the processing of the spelling a flower to achieve the best adornment effect and decide.

Color line, splash, crack, holes, sand holes, mildew spot: from the quality of the spelling a flower on speaking, these stone material defects is never allowed. But because the stone is a natural born, not by the will of man and transfer, therefore, many stone are all more or less in such and such defects. In choosing materials, materials should be integrated these defects of the size can avoid avoid, cannot avoid are determined according to specific situation. Special circumstances, the consent of the customer's approval, usable defective materials processing spelling a flower. Necessary repair methods can be used to compensate for these cosmetic defects, but with no influence repaired stone spells flower adornment effect.

Scagliola selection of common sense

Along with the development of modern architectural career forward for decoration materials, light weight, high strength, beautiful view, many varieties requirements. Man-made stone is facing appear in this situation. It is light weight, high strength, corrosion, pollution, construction is convenient, decorative pattern design can human control, is the ideal modern architecture decoration materials. Scagliola according to production and raw materials used in production craft, can generally be divided into four categories:

(1) cement type artificial marble this artificial marble is all sorts of cement as binder, sand for fine aggregate, broken big lidan, granite, industrial waste for the coarse aggregate, such as by ingredients, stir, molding, pressure steaming raise, polished, polishing and manufactured, commonly known as the terrazzo.

(2) polyester artificial marble this artificial marble is unsaturated polyester as bond, and quartz sand, Dali stone, calcite powder etc, mixing cast forming, in the influence of curing agent for use by stripping, drying, polishing processes and manufactured. Our production of artificial marble multi-purpose method. Unsaturated polyester gloss and color shallow, adjustable into different bright color, this kind of resin low viscosity, easy to forming, curing fast, but at room temperature curing.

(3) composite artificial marble this artificial marble is inorganic materials and organic polymer compound composition. Use inorganic materials will be binding forming, packing and given photo-cell and dipping in organic monomer, make its polymerization in certain conditions. Concerned, bottom of plate with lower and performance and stability of inorganic material, facing with polyester and Dali made of stone.

(4) sintered artificial marble the artificial marble is will feldspar, quartz, pyroxene ", calcite powder and hematite powder and mix, with a few kaolin etc, for with mud legal blank half dry pressure molding, used in kiln about 1,000 C into high sintering.

The above four artificial marble decorative, polyester most commonly used, its physical and chemical properties, decorative pattern design, best to a variety of purposes, reproducibility, but the price is relative taller; Cement type the cheapest, but corrosion resistance is poorer, prone to crackle, only suitable for the plank. Two other production process complex, rarely used.

Polyester scagliola (often referred to as artificial marble) is imitate marble surface texture and processed, the mechanism of similar marble, and decorative pattern design features can be determined by designers to control, reproducible; And artificial lidan light weight (better than the natural big lidan light about 25%), high strength, thickness thin, corrosion resistance, and have good pollution, processability can be made into arc, surface shape, construction is convenient. High quality faux marble physical and mechanical performance can be equal or better than natural marble. But in color and texture than natural marble beautiful natural and downy.

The influence of raw material for artificial marble, many for outdoor project artificial marble effect is not ideal. Main show is aging faster, color change is big, glossiness change is big, make use after period of time, adorn panel will seriously deformation, four horns upgrade becomes warped, some engineering may not expand bolt to secure its. Therefore, artificial marble is unfavorable for outdoor can be used for large outdoor cylinder, facade adornment, but when height exceeds 1.2 m when wire or stainless steel used a fasten.

Artificial marble can be used in indoor ground and metope adornment, also can produce all kinds of work, such as born clean basin that wash a face, bath crock, implement, etc. In addition, artificial marble also can be used in the manufacture of handicraft products, such as imitation stone carving, jade article, used for interior decoration.

Stone glass class fallacy analytical

A, stone walls optimal error misbehavior

Strengths:

1, natural material, light and glittering and translucent, strong, nobility and forever.

2, resistance to cold sex: stone in damp conditions, can resist freeze-thaw and not occur, the destroyer of burnishing the obvious function called sexual. Freezing resistance The water in pores of the rock in low temperature to 20 centigrade within freezing happens, the pore water expansion than original big volume 1/10, rock if not resist this expansion force of what happened, it will appear damage phenomenon. A buddhi bibulous rate less than zero. 5%, will not consider its anti-freeze function.

Three, compressive strength: the compressive strength of stone material from mineral composition, crystallization, cementing material granules of uniformity and load area, load made with detention cleavage Angle of identity, and somewhat different. If other conditions, common crystal particles as small and the density of the binder each other all the material, it has higher intensity. The volcanic rocks in the dry density and saturated water, compressive strength and no difference (bibulous rate is extremely low), in the case of porous and afraid of water, the cementing rock strength of the dry and wet, there are bright markedly different.

Error fallacy:

1, cumbersome stone do high-rise buildings' walls in many serious danger the bidding of construction is not completely standard, many stone curtain wall project is the cost of the lowest who who, individual subcontractor of, so low quoted price in order not to lose money, to cut corners. Senior (50 to 100 meters high) with stone curtain wall 100 to 200 yuan a square meters of low class, not exactly a lot of granite dangerous?

2, a lot of curtain wall design on the drawing not familiar, draw range, what can be marked? Curtain wall. Stone curtain wall is not exceptional also, by the companies themselves the curtain wall design, some design institute please layout teacher carefully review, but most of the design institute ZouXingShi review of the design can shut this dangerous?

3, each building engineering, countries are required to have supervision company responsible for quality, it is entirely correct and needs is ensuring the quality of projects to the heavy, but unfortunately supervision engineer many is civil engineer, don't understand wall, let alone stone curtain wall. This is in supervising the training materials by the lack of a curtain wall materials, a lot of supervision is retired staff to carry trade, without training don't understand how the supervision, the curtain of good last quality? ZhiJianZhan, because all of the building new craft learning in quality, less when acceptance of often encounters also harder.

4, stone curtain wall fire prevention function is very poor, especially in high-rise buildings, fire is normally in indoor rekindled, inside the building fire will make hang SLATE of stainless steel plate and the metal layout temperature, make the steel bate, off and intensity, SLATE will from the senior constitute a SLATE "rain" falling, and not only to cause dangerous, also gave pedestrians caused by fire fire fighting hard. This as the United States by the WTC by defeating fell, as is the steel layout, with significantly high temperature drop to soften steel strength, the twin towers collapsed constitutes a top-down fall.

Second, the optimal error distort glass curtain wall

Strengths:

Glass curtain wall is a kind of new wall of modern architecture, it is the biggest characteristic of beneficiary will architectural aesthetics, architectural functions, such as building energy efficiency and architectural layout organically the same way as the same Angle, building never show a different tone, with the sun, moon, lighting change give a person with dynamic beauty. Alive bound all continents major cities were built with grand beautiful glass curtain wall construction, such as the New York world trade, between Chicago oil mansion, sears tower took a glass curtain wall. Hong Kong bank of China building, Beijing Great Wall restaurants and Shanghai fellowship building also soon take.

Error fallacy:

Glass curtain wall also has some limitations, such as light pollution, such as large energy consumption in question.

Glass curtain wall, bright and clean and transparent generating beauty don't really resistant to pollution, especially in the atmosphere HanChenLiang more, air pollution, the lack of rain of northern regions, glass curtain wall easily to cheat dirt accept dirty, the urban landscape is concerned, not only can increase "light" lost "face", instead. Qualitative terrible, construction quality used is not high, appear luster, ripple severally uneven, because light reflecting not controlling, led light environment of chaos. But these questions with the new material, new craft is present continuously, gradually into architectural modeling, construction materials, the comprehensive research of energy-saving building as a whole system, the design of the question to discuss deep.

Third, the metal walls craftiness optimal error

Strengths:

The leading products metal wall? Aluminum curtain? To date, the metal walls today have been in aluminium &granite curtain walls dominate metal wall, lightweight material, cut the building load for high-rise building supply the excellent choice condition; Waterproof, anti-fouling, corrosion resistant function fine, to ensure the building outside surface hold long new; Processing, transport, installation, etc are compared for its implementation, and easily generally use supply strong handle; Colorific diversity and can mix processed into different appearance shape, expand the architect's design space; Higher than the function of price, and easy protection by long life and anastomosis owner's request. So, aluminum curtain wall as an extremely wallop form of construction, extremely popular.

Error fallacy:

1 and curtain wall system resistance to deformation of curtain wall system ability: must every major parts of the mechanical calculation, consider scientific air pressure, weight, temperature, etc to set, the influence of curtain wall system reform, and built-in, running through the connection system, keel system, panel and fasteners for careful checking, ensure the safety of curtain wall.

2, plate isn't take floating through connection; Float type throughout the connection guarantee the curtain wall deformation recovery capacity, ensure the integrity of the curtain, doesn't make the curtain wall by influence caused by deformation, avoid force of curtain wall surface drum convex or sag scene happen.

3, plate fixation compiled for the fixed plate tectonic plates installed flatness compiled plays a decided sex influence. Plate force inconsistent each protection can cause surface sheets deformation of decorated the fixed effect, so plate must be taken from compiling the fixed tightly shall prepare the flatness, ensure curtain wall surface.

4 and complex surface sheets materials are side down by reinforcing measures: the compound panel material ruffled preserve only positive plate thickness, thickness

Introduction SLATE

Slate is ancient geological time carry large river sediment deposited by long-term formed geological change. Therefore, on the geology and called the sedimentary rock. Because the SLATE forming process and the geographical environment in different from granite, therefore, it does not contain harmful elements, no radioactive. Meanwhile, because SLATE is by the river sediment in the sedimentation and become, thus has the unique bedding and split reason, can split into pieces (artificial random, and the surface level off a piece), i.e. the nature, texture natural give human natural building decoration materials.

In Europe and the United States, SLATE, as a kind of main construction and decoration materials are widely used in roof (watts SLATE) and wall, ground, and formed the unique architectural style "black roof culture". Natural SLATE, in addition to its practical outside, is more bibulous rate is low, acid, fight decency and compressive strength, flexural strength high, non-pollution etc chemical, physical characteristics. To ensure that the interests of consumers, European and American countries have established the SLATE association, and developed a unified architectural plates quality standards, such as Britain stone B.S. 680 etc. Standard

Gen into SLATE, with its rich design and color, good quality won the praise of many customers in the world. Its green series and rusty series of wall, floor stone by Japan, Singapore, United States, plus the favored customers. Black, grey, green tiles board passed the British standard test, in euramerican B.S. 680 with extensive market. Especially HeiWa board, is in short supply. In the world's largest SLATE company - Germany pull chuck SLATE group's help, upgrading of product quality, but with famous Spanish SLATE rival. In 1998, moved to Berlin, Germany is now before the revision, the speaker floor had adopted its roof into the HeiWa board."

The classification of heterogeneous stone flower line

Decoration used some alien hydrosphere stone (flower) line as doorcase, window frame, armrest, mesa, eaves, buildings corners, waist line, line that play a base edge, in order to achieve the purpose of practical, beautiful. Spends line is usually use natural marble, granite waste materials processing into sheet or more a combination joining together, forming integral and continuous stone line. Also useful mold will

man-made stone repression and into.

The classification of heterogeneous stone lines are as follows:

(1) according to the types of abnormal used stone will be divided into marble flowers line (lines, code-named M), granite flowers line (code-named G), artificial stone-bar line (R). SLATE for bedding structure restriction cannot stone-bar line as material.

(2) according to section outspread track points.

Straight code-named Z spends line (a) : refers to the flowers for linear outspread trajectory lines.

Bends spends line (code-named W) : refers to the flowers for the curve track extension lines.

(3) according to the surface processing degree points.

Mirror flowers line (code-named J) : refers to the surface of the mirror burnish, including flowers line marble, granite, other man-made stone, etc.

Fine MianHua line (code for X) : refers to the flowers line smooth surface.

Crude MianHua line (code for C) : refers to the rough surface, the surface singeing, axes and chop, sandblasting, chemical processing, tool processing flowers line.

Surface processing degree spends line with basis it USES is in building decoration parts and calm, and the position of contacting people use mirror, fine flour, not with people or spends line with people contact less can select multiple surface processing form.

Stone size options in domestic outfit

The ground stone -- -

The ground stone practive and ceramic tile is roughly same, just a bit thick layer of ground mortar. In accounting, taking into account the cut cut losses, handling loss, can add wastage of around 1.2%. Spread the ground stone material, every square metre of cement and sand needed according to the in-situ situations. Usually in ground shop 15 millimeter thick cement mortar layer, its every square metre to 15kg, ordinary cement ZhongSha 0.05 cubic meters.

Metope stone -- -

In calculating metope stone should be separately accounted, according to various specifications to calculate its area. For a complicated metope and influential metope, should press unwrapped area to calculate. The total area of the each specification, then calculated respectively divided by size, can get the number of various specifications sheet (unit is block). Finally the wastage and around 1.2%.

Floor tile

Common floor tile specifications 600 x 600mm, 500 x 500mm, 400 x 400mm and 300 x 300mm.

Rough calculation method: room area voting floor tile area x 1.1 = brick quantity

Accurate calculation method: (room length) x (long voting brick room width = voting brick wide brick quantity With the long 3.6 m, width 3.3 m room, using 300mm specifications of floor tile of 300 x as an example:

Room long 3.6 m voting brick long 0.3 m = 12 pieces

Room 3.3 m wide voting brick wide 0.3 m = 11 pieces

Long 12 blocks x width 11 pieces = 132 block brick amount

Explanation: the ground floor tile in accounting, taking into account the cut cut losses, handling loss, can add wastage of 3%. Lay the ground floor tile, every square metre of cement and sand needed according to the in-situ situations. Usually in ground shop, the cement mortar layer to ordinary cement 12.5 per square metre kg, ZhongSha 34 kilograms.