Stone spelling a flower makings common sense

Material: in principle stone spelling a flower material in order according to customer to put forward when the materials salesman request. In customer didn't provide any material requirements of the situation, issued by the state according to state inspection standard chooses the stone industry.

Color: the whole spelling a flower same material must agree, but for color some materials (Spain cream-colored, old cream-colored, sandy lake red, such as marble) with a board itself as there are chromatism, are taking the principle of gradual transition color material, with affecting spelling a flower aesthetic adornment effect for the principle. When really cannot achieve good decoration effect and meet customer's requirement, the consent of processing in the consent of the customer chooses the rear to processing.

Grain: spelling a flower in the direction of the grain processing of all depends on the specific circumstances, there is no absolute standard set can be reference. Just round spelling a flower is concerned, grain around the circumference direction can be, also can be the direction along the radius. Whether the radius around the circumference direction or direction, are intended to ensure that the consistency of the grain. Just square spelling a flower is concerned, grain, along the length direction radiation can also can be the direction along the width along the long spiker radiation or simultaneously to tote radiation width. As for how to do, to the processing of the spelling a flower to achieve the best adornment effect and decide.

Color line, splash, crack, holes, sand holes, mildew spot: from the quality of the spelling a flower on speaking, these stone material defects is never allowed. But because the stone is a natural born, not by the will of man and transfer, therefore, many stone are all more or less in such and such defects. In choosing materials, materials should be integrated these defects of the size can avoid avoid, cannot avoid are determined according to specific situation. Special circumstances, the consent of the customer's approval, usable defective materials processing spelling a flower. Necessary repair methods can be used to compensate for these cosmetic defects, but with no influence repaired stone spells flower adornment effect.

Scagliola selection of common sense

Along with the development of modern architectural career forward for decoration materials, light weight, high strength, beautiful view, many varieties requirements. Man-made stone is facing appear in this situation. It is light weight, high strength, corrosion, pollution, construction is convenient, decorative pattern design can human control, is the ideal modern architecture decoration materials. Scagliola according to production and raw materials used in production craft, can generally be divided into four categories:

(1) cement type artificial marble this artificial marble is all sorts of cement as binder, sand for fine aggregate, broken big lidan, granite, industrial waste for the coarse aggregate, such as by ingredients, stir, molding, pressure steaming raise, polished, polishing and manufactured, commonly known as the terrazzo.

(2) polyester artificial marble this artificial marble is unsaturated polyester as bond, and quartz sand, Dali stone, calcite powder etc, mixing cast forming, in the influence of curing agent for use by stripping, drying, polishing processes and manufactured. Our production of artificial marble multi-purpose method. Unsaturated polyester gloss and color shallow, adjustable into different bright color, this kind of resin low viscosity, easy to forming, curing fast, but at room temperature curing.

(3) composite artificial marble this artificial marble is inorganic materials and organic polymer compound composition. Use inorganic materials will be binding forming, packing and given photo-cell and dipping in organic monomer, make its polymerization in certain conditions. Concerned, bottom of plate with lower and performance and stability of inorganic material, facing with polyester and Dali made of stone.

(4) sintered artificial marble the artificial marble is will feldspar, quartz, pyroxene ", calcite powder and hematite powder and mix, with a few kaolin etc, for with mud legal blank half dry pressure molding, used in kiln about 1,000 C into high sintering.

The above four artificial marble decorative, polyester most commonly used, its physical and chemical properties, decorative pattern design, best to a variety of purposes, reproducibility, but the price is relative taller; Cement type the cheapest, but corrosion resistance is poorer, prone to crackle, only suitable for the plank. Two other production process complex, rarely used.

Polyester scagliola (often referred to as artificial marble) is imitate marble surface texture and processed, the mechanism of similar marble, and decorative pattern design features can be determined by designers to control, reproducible; And artificial lidan light weight (better than the natural big lidan light about 25%), high strength, thickness thin, corrosion resistance, and have good pollution, processability can be made into arc, surface shape, construction is convenient. High quality faux marble physical and mechanical performance can be equal or better than natural marble. But in color and texture than natural marble beautiful natural and downy.

The influence of raw material for artificial marble, many for outdoor project artificial marble effect is not ideal. Main show is aging faster, color change is big, glossiness change is big, make use after period of time, adorn panel will seriously deformation, four horns upgrade becomes warped, some engineering may not expand bolt to secure its. Therefore, artificial marble is unfavorable for outdoor can be used for large outdoor cylinder, facade adornment, but when height exceeds 1.2 m when wire or stainless steel used a fasten.

Artificial marble can be used in indoor ground and metope adornment, also can produce all kinds of work, such as born clean basin that wash a face, bath crock, implement, etc. In addition, artificial marble also can be used in the manufacture of handicraft products, such as imitation stone carving, jade article, used for interior decoration.

Stone glass class fallacy analytical

A, stone walls optimal error misbehavior

Strengths:

1, natural material, light and glittering and translucent, strong, nobility and forever.

2, resistance to cold sex: stone in damp conditions, can resist freeze-thaw and not occur, the destroyer of burnishing the obvious function called sexual. Freezing resistance The water in pores of the rock in low temperature to 20 centigrade within freezing happens, the pore water expansion than original big volume 1/10, rock if not resist this expansion force of what happened, it will appear damage phenomenon. A buddhi bibulous rate less than zero. 5%, will not consider its anti-freeze function.

Three, compressive strength: the compressive strength of stone material from mineral composition, crystallization, cementing material granules of uniformity and load area, load made with detention cleavage Angle of identity, and somewhat different. If other conditions, common crystal particles as small and the density of the binder each other all the material, it has higher intensity. The volcanic rocks in the dry density and saturated water, compressive strength and no difference (bibulous rate is extremely low), in the case of porous and afraid of water, the cementing rock strength of the dry and wet, there are bright markedly different.

Error fallacy:

1, cumbersome stone do high-rise buildings' walls in many serious danger the bidding of construction is not completely standard, many stone curtain wall project is the cost of the lowest who who, individual subcontractor of, so low quoted price in order not to lose money, to cut corners. Senior (50 to 100 meters high) with stone curtain wall 100 to 200 yuan a square meters of low class, not exactly a lot of granite dangerous?

2, a lot of curtain wall design on the drawing not familiar, draw range, what can be marked? Curtain wall. Stone curtain wall is not exceptional also, by the companies themselves the curtain wall design, some design institute please layout teacher carefully review, but most of the design institute ZouXingShi review of the design can shut this dangerous?

3, each building engineering, countries are required to have supervision company responsible for quality, it is entirely correct and needs is ensuring the quality of projects to the heavy, but unfortunately supervision engineer many is civil engineer, don't understand wall, let alone stone curtain wall. This is in supervising the training materials by the lack of a curtain wall materials, a lot of supervision is retired staff to carry trade, without training don't understand how the supervision, the curtain of good last quality? ZhiJianZhan, because all of the building new craft learning in quality, less when acceptance of often encounters also harder.

4, stone curtain wall fire prevention function is very poor, especially in high-rise buildings, fire is normally in indoor rekindled, inside the building fire will make hang SLATE of stainless steel plate and the metal layout temperature, make the steel bate, off and intensity, SLATE will from the senior constitute a SLATE "rain" falling, and not only to cause dangerous, also gave pedestrians caused by fire fire fighting hard. This as the United States by the WTC by defeating fell, as is the steel layout, with significantly high temperature drop to soften steel strength, the twin towers collapsed constitutes a top-down fall.

Second, the optimal error distort glass curtain wall

Strengths:

Glass curtain wall is a kind of new wall of modern architecture, it is the biggest characteristic of beneficiary will architectural aesthetics, architectural functions, such as building energy efficiency and architectural layout organically the same way as the same Angle, building never show a different tone, with the sun, moon, lighting change give a person with dynamic beauty. Alive bound all continents major cities were built with grand beautiful glass curtain wall construction, such as the New York world trade, between Chicago oil mansion, sears tower took a glass curtain wall. Hong Kong bank of China building, Beijing Great Wall restaurants and Shanghai fellowship building also soon take.

Error fallacy:

Glass curtain wall also has some limitations, such as light pollution, such as large energy consumption in question.

Glass curtain wall, bright and clean and transparent generating beauty don't really resistant to pollution, especially in the atmosphere HanChenLiang more, air pollution, the lack of rain of northern regions, glass curtain wall easily to cheat dirt accept dirty, the urban landscape is concerned, not only can increase "light" lost "face", instead. Qualitative terrible, construction quality used is not high, appear luster, ripple severally uneven, because light reflecting not controlling, led light environment of chaos. But these questions with the new material, new craft is present continuously, gradually into architectural modeling, construction materials, the comprehensive research of energy-saving building as a whole system, the design of the question to discuss deep.

Third, the metal walls craftiness optimal error

Strengths:

The leading products metal wall? Aluminum curtain? To date, the metal walls today have been in aluminium &granite curtain walls dominate metal wall, lightweight material, cut the building load for high-rise building supply the excellent choice condition; Waterproof, anti-fouling, corrosion resistant function fine, to ensure the building outside surface hold long new; Processing, transport, installation, etc are compared for its implementation, and easily generally use supply strong handle; Colorific diversity and can mix processed into different appearance shape, expand the architect's design space; Higher than the function of price, and easy protection by long life and anastomosis owner's request. So, aluminum curtain wall as an extremely wallop form of construction, extremely popular.

Error fallacy:

1 and curtain wall system resistance to deformation of curtain wall system ability: must every major parts of the mechanical calculation, consider scientific air pressure, weight, temperature, etc to set, the influence of curtain wall system reform, and built-in, running through the connection system, keel system, panel and fasteners for careful checking, ensure the safety of curtain wall.

2, plate isn't take floating through connection; Float type throughout the connection guarantee the curtain wall deformation recovery capacity, ensure the integrity of the curtain, doesn't make the curtain wall by influence caused by deformation, avoid force of curtain wall surface drum convex or sag scene happen.

3, plate fixation compiled for the fixed plate tectonic plates installed flatness compiled plays a decided sex influence. Plate force inconsistent each protection can cause surface sheets deformation of decorated the fixed effect, so plate must be taken from compiling the fixed tightly shall prepare the flatness, ensure curtain wall surface.

4 and complex surface sheets materials are side down by reinforcing measures: the compound panel material ruffled preserve only positive plate thickness, thickness

Introduction SLATE

Slate is ancient geological time carry large river sediment deposited by long-term formed geological change. Therefore, on the geology and called the sedimentary rock. Because the SLATE forming process and the geographical environment in different from granite, therefore, it does not contain harmful elements, no radioactive. Meanwhile, because SLATE is by the river sediment in the sedimentation and become, thus has the unique bedding and split reason, can split into pieces (artificial random, and the surface level off a piece), i.e. the nature, texture natural give human natural building decoration materials.

In Europe and the United States, SLATE, as a kind of main construction and decoration materials are widely used in roof (watts SLATE) and wall, ground, and formed the unique architectural style "black roof culture". Natural SLATE, in addition to its practical outside, is more bibulous rate is low, acid, fight decency and compressive strength, flexural strength high, non-pollution etc chemical, physical characteristics. To ensure that the interests of consumers, European and American countries have established the SLATE association, and developed a unified architectural plates quality standards, such as Britain stone B.S. 680 etc. Standard

Gen into SLATE, with its rich design and color, good quality won the praise of many customers in the world. Its green series and rusty series of wall, floor stone by Japan, Singapore, United States, plus the favored customers. Black, grey, green tiles board passed the British standard test, in euramerican B.S. 680 with extensive market. Especially HeiWa board, is in short supply. In the world's largest SLATE company - Germany pull chuck SLATE group's help, upgrading of product quality, but with famous Spanish SLATE rival. In 1998, moved to Berlin, Germany is now before the revision, the speaker floor had adopted its roof into the HeiWa board."

The classification of heterogeneous stone flower line

Decoration used some alien hydrosphere stone (flower) line as doorcase, window frame, armrest, mesa, eaves, buildings corners, waist line, line that play a base edge, in order to achieve the purpose of practical, beautiful. Spends line is usually use natural marble, granite waste materials processing into sheet or more a combination joining together, forming integral and continuous stone line. Also useful mold will

man-made stone repression and into.

The classification of heterogeneous stone lines are as follows:

(1) according to the types of abnormal used stone will be divided into marble flowers line (lines, code-named M), granite flowers line (code-named G), artificial stone-bar line (R). SLATE for bedding structure restriction cannot stone-bar line as material.

(2) according to section outspread track points.

Straight code-named Z spends line (a) : refers to the flowers for linear outspread trajectory lines.

Bends spends line (code-named W) : refers to the flowers for the curve track extension lines.

(3) according to the surface processing degree points.

Mirror flowers line (code-named J) : refers to the surface of the mirror burnish, including flowers line marble, granite, other man-made stone, etc.

Fine MianHua line (code for X) : refers to the flowers line smooth surface.

Crude MianHua line (code for C) : refers to the rough surface, the surface singeing, axes and chop, sandblasting, chemical processing, tool processing flowers line.

Surface processing degree spends line with basis it USES is in building decoration parts and calm, and the position of contacting people use mirror, fine flour, not with people or spends line with people contact less can select multiple surface processing form.

Stone size options in domestic outfit

The ground stone -- -

The ground stone practive and ceramic tile is roughly same, just a bit thick layer of ground mortar. In accounting, taking into account the cut cut losses, handling loss, can add wastage of around 1.2%. Spread the ground stone material, every square metre of cement and sand needed according to the in-situ situations. Usually in ground shop 15 millimeter thick cement mortar layer, its every square metre to 15kg, ordinary cement ZhongSha 0.05 cubic meters.

Metope stone -- -

In calculating metope stone should be separately accounted, according to various specifications to calculate its area. For a complicated metope and influential metope, should press unwrapped area to calculate. The total area of the each specification, then calculated respectively divided by size, can get the number of various specifications sheet (unit is block). Finally the wastage and around 1.2%.

Floor tile

Common floor tile specifications 600 x 600mm, 500 x 500mm, 400 x 400mm and 300 x 300mm.

Rough calculation method: room area voting floor tile area x 1.1 = brick quantity

Accurate calculation method: (room length) x (long voting brick room width = voting brick wide brick quantity With the long 3.6 m, width 3.3 m room, using 300mm specifications of floor tile of 300 x as an example:

Room long 3.6 m voting brick long 0.3 m = 12 pieces

Room 3.3 m wide voting brick wide 0.3 m = 11 pieces

Long 12 blocks x width 11 pieces = 132 block brick amount

Explanation: the ground floor tile in accounting, taking into account the cut cut losses, handling loss, can add wastage of 3%. Lay the ground floor tile, every square metre of cement and sand needed according to the in-situ situations. Usually in ground shop, the cement mortar layer to ordinary cement 12.5 per square metre kg, ZhongSha 34 kilograms.